在Ubuntu系统中添加自定义服务需要遵从设计启动脚本的模式,下面就是如何编写启动脚本的示例程序。

1、在/etc/init.d/ 下以管理员权限新建文件,在本例中为location_server.

2、使用以下模板修改启动脚本的内容

[cc lang=”bash”]
#!/bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
#
# Provides: location_server
# Required-Start: local_fsremote_fs
# Required-Stop: local_fsremote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: initscript
# Description: This file should be used to construct scripts to be placed in /etc/init.d.
#
### END INIT INFO

## Fill in name of program here.
PROG=”location_server”
PROG_PATH=”/opt/location_server” ## Not need, but sometimes helpful (if PROG resides in /opt for example).
PROG_ARGS=””
PID_PATH=”/var/run/”

start() {
if [ -e “PID_PATH/PROG.pid” ]; then
## Program is running, exit with error.
echo “Error!
PROG is currently running!” 1>&2
exit 1
else
## Change from /dev/null to something like /var/log/PROG if you want to save output.PROG_PATH/PROGPROG_ARGS 2>&1 >/var/log/PROG &pid=`ps ax | grep -i ‘location_server’ | sed ‘s/^\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*/\1/g’ | head -n 1`

echo “PROG started”
echo
pid > “PID_PATH/PROG.pid”
fi
}

stop() {
echo “begin stop”
if [ -e “PID_PATH/PROG.pid” ]; then
## Program is running, so stop it
pid=`ps ax | grep -i ‘location_server’ | sed ‘s/^\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*/\1/g’ | head -n 1`
kill pid

rm -f “PID_PATH/PROG.pid”
echo “
PROG stopped”
else
## Program is not running, exit with error.
echo “Error! PROG not started!” 1>&2
exit 1
fi
}

## Check to see if we are running as root first.
## Found at http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/shell-root-user-check-script.html
if [ “(id -u)” != “0” ]; then
echo “This script must be run as root” 1>&2
exit 1
fi

case “1″ in
start)
start
exit 0
;;
stop)
stop
exit 0
;;
reload|restart|force-reload)
stop
start
exit 0
;;
**)
echo “Usage:
0 {start|stop|reload}” 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac

[/cc]

其中,PROG变量为所要运行的可执行程序的名称, PROG_PATH为可执行文件所在的目录,PROG_ARGS为执行程序的各个参数。
需要注意的是,在stop()函数中利用kill命令结束进程,有两种方法可以处理,一种是利用进程名称,如“location_server”查找相应的进程号,然后调用kill <进程号>结束进程,另一种方法是直接使用killall <进程名称>,但是在这种方法下,本启动脚本的名称不能和可执行文件的名称相同,不然的话,stop后会出现”Terminated“说明脚本也被kill掉。也可以在start()中将进程号存储在.pid文件中,然后在stop()中从文件中取得要结束的进程号,但是这样的话,还想获得的进程号会比实际进程号小2,现在还不知道是什么原因。

3、添加删除服务

添加: sudo update-rc.d 服务名 defaults
删除:sudo update-rc.d -f 服务名 remove

4、启动、关闭、重启服务

/etc/init.d/服务名 start
/etc/init.d/服务名 stop
/etc/init.d/服务名 start

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